Will Form 2220 Compute 2023-2024

Hi, thanks for tuning into Singularity Prosperity. This video is the 11th in a multi-part series discussing computing. In this video, we'll be discussing what cognitive computing is, current cognitive computing initiatives, and the impact they will have on the field of computing. The human brain is truly an amazing machine, able to operate in parallel, malleable, and fault-tolerant. It has 100 billion neurons, with each neuron having 100 to 1000 synapses (connections to other neurons). This equates to 100 trillion up to 1 quadrillion synapses, all only requiring 20 watts of power and the space of 2 liters. As discussed in a previous video in this series about computing, the human brain is postulated to equate to 1 exaflop, or 1 billion calculations per second. Many initiatives aim to reach this exascale by 2020, with supercomputers around the world simulating the brain. These exascale systems will require approximately 1.5 million processors and over 1.6 petabytes of main high-speed memory, using megawatts per hour of power and taking up the space of entire buildings. In comparison, our brains only require 20 watts of power and the space of 2 liters, yet they still out these machines by orders of magnitude. The petaflop K supercomputer in Japan, running neural simulation technology (NEST) algorithms, requires roughly 3.68 years to simulate one day of brain activity, which is 1,700 times slower than the brain. Japan's post-K exaflop supercomputer aims to increase the speed to 310 times slower, simulating one day in the brain in 310 days. While these simulations will aid in unlocking secrets of the brain, the vast architecture differences between modern computers and biological brains limit the functionality of exascale systems. Every computer today is based on von Neumann architecture, with computation and memory fairly isolated and connected by a data...